[en] The article aims at understanding the long-lasting rhetorical and territorial conflict between East Prussia and Lithuania throughout history. Considering the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast' to be the geopolitical heir of East Prussia, the author points out the continuity between German Prussian vs Lithuanian enmity and present day Russian Kaliningrad vs Lithuanian opposition. He comes to the conclusion that Prussia-Kaliningrad and Lithuania are to some extent “twin” entities whose rivalry and opposition are at the very source of their regional and national identity and historical development.